August 29, 2016 
It’s difficult enough to support the mass of a horse on a tiny column like the leg if it is a rigid structure. When it also has a moving part (the fetlock), the problem becomes much more complicated.
Exaggerated flexion of the fetlock is an easily seen outward indicator of the force being applied to the leg. This occurs when speed is added to the mass of the horse, as in racing, or in dressage movements requiring suspension, cutting/roping, takeoff and landing from jumps, negotiating hills or uneven ground and sometimes plain old horseplay.
It is the soft tissue structures of tendon, ligament and dense investing fascia that allow the horse’s lower leg to function as it does. Damage to the extensor tendons, suspensory ligament or any of the myriad other supporting and reinforcing structures is very common.
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Once damaged, they never completely regain their normal strength and flexibility, but with a little extra care many horses can continue to be athletically active, even at their pre-injury level.
When the healing period from an acute injury has been successfully completed, you need a strategy for reducing the risk of re-injury. Passive stretching as part of warm up is a good idea. The flexor tendons are attached to muscle bellies. Increased tension is common when injury has occurred and can be gently relaxed by stretching. Even pure connective tissue/ligament injuries can show contraction that may respond to gentle stretching and massage.
Absolutely meticulous attention to hoof balance, regardless of barefoot, shod or the type of shoes, is an absolute must. Every effort must be made to ensure that the leg is loaded evenly.
Physical fitness and good balance (neuromuscular conditioning) are two of the best guardians against re-injury. Introduce work slowly but with steadily increasing increments. Avoid unfavorable ground conditions whenever possible. Do not ask for sudden, sharp movements or speed changes but introduce elements that challenge control and balance, like ground poles.
Finally, use the best and cheapest therapy there is—heat and cold.
Like massage and stretching, warmth encourages tissue relaxation. Standard wraps, sweat wraps and neoprene can all be used to advantage when the horse is stalled.
Evention
It’s impossible to overemphasize how important ice can be for a horse coming back from an injury. Apply ice to the previously injured area as soon as possible after exercise stops and maintain it for a 30 minute cooling period. Ice slows excessive blood flow and/or inflammatory enzyme activity that often result in annoying periods of intermittent heat and edema as you bring the horse back into work. I use it faithfully after every work regardless of intensity.
Investing these few extra minutes can mean a smooth uneventful rehab and maximize your chances of avoiding re-injury.
All content is for informational purposes only. Contact your local veterinarian if you have any questions regarding the health of your animals.
About the Author
Eleanor Kellon is the Staff Veterinary Specialist for Uckele Health and Nutrition. Dr. Kellon also offers private nutritional consultations and online courses through Equine Nutritional Solutions. Find out more at www.drkellon.com.
